| お姉さん(P);御姉さん | [おねえさん, oneesan] (n) (1) (hon) (usu. お姉さん) (See 姉さん) elder sister; (2) (vocative) young lady; (3) (usu. お姐さん) miss (referring to a waitress, etc.); (4) (usu. お姐さん) ma'am (used by geisha to refer to their superiors); (P) |
| ご笑納;御笑納 | [ごしょうのう, goshounou] (n,vs) (hum) (See つまらない物ですが,笑納) please accept (this); used to refer to another's acceptance of one's present |
| チョン | [, chon] (n) (1) (vulg) (sl) abusive term used to refer to Koreans; (2) (original meaning) idiot; (3) Korean currency unit (1-100 of a won) |
| 僕女 | [ぼくおんな, bokuonna] (n) (See 僕・ぼく・1) woman who uses boku to refer to herself |
| 南蛮 | [なんばん, nanban] (n) (1) (arch) (derog) southern barbarians (formerly used by the Chinese to refer to non-ethnic Chinese to the south); (2) (arch) South-East Asia; (3) (arch) (See 紅毛・2) Western Europe (esp. Spain and Portugal, their South-East Asian colonies, and their goods and people arriving in Japan via the colonies); (pref) (4) exotic (esp. Western European or South-East Asian style); (n) (5) (usu.ナンバ) (in dance, puppetry, etc.) thrusting the right foot and right arm forward at the same time (or left foot and left arm); (6) (abbr) (See 南蛮煮・なんばんに・2) food prepared using chili peppers or Welsh onions; (P) |
| 参考にする | [さんこうにする, sankounisuru] (exp,vs-i) (See 参考) to refer to; to use as reference |
| 口にする | [くちにする, kuchinisuru] (exp,vs-i) (1) to taste; to eat; (2) to speak of; to refer to |
| 図る(P);謀る(P) | [はかる, hakaru] (v5r,vt) (1) to plot; to attempt; to plan; to devise; to design; (2) to take in; to deceive; (3) to aim for; to have something in mind; (4) to refer A to B; (P) |
| 土茯苓 | [どぶくりょう, dobukuryou] (n) (obsc) (See 山帰来) Smilax glabra (species of sarsaparilla, used esp. to refer to its dried rhizome, used in Chinese medicine) |
| 大宝 | [たいほう;だいほう, taihou ; daihou] (n) (1) great treasure; (2) Taihou era (701.3.21-704.5.10); Daihou era; (3) (obsc) {Buddh} great treasure (used to refer to bodhisattvas, esoteric teachings, etc.); (4) (obsc) {Buddh} (See 護摩壇) homa-mandala (fire altar) |
| 夷;戎 | [えびす, ebisu] (n) (1) (arch) (See 蝦夷) peoples formerly of northern Japan with distinct language and culture (i.e. the Ainu); (2) provincial (i.e. a person who lives far from the city); (3) brutish, unsophisticated warrior (esp. used by Kyoto samurai to refer to samurai from eastern Japan); (4) (derog) foreigner; barbarian |
| 妻(P);夫;具 | [つま, tsuma] (n) (1) (妻, 夫 only) (usu. 妻) wife; (2) (妻, 夫 only) (arch) dear (formerly used by romantically linked men and women to refer to one another); (3) (uk) garnish (esp. one served with sashimi); (4) (uk) embellishment; (P) |
| 姉さん(P);姐さん | [ねえさん(P);あねさん, neesan (P); anesan] (n) (1) (hon) (usu. 姉さん) elder sister; (2) (vocative) young lady; (3) (usu. 姐さん) miss (referring to a waitress, etc.); (4) (usu. 姐さん) ma'am (used by geisha to refer to their superiors); (P) |
| 差し戻す(P);差戻す(io) | [さしもどす, sashimodosu] (v5s,vt) to send back; to refer back; (P) |
| 彼 | [かれ, kare] (n) (1) (uk) (See 何れ・1,此れ・1,其れ・1) that (indicating something distant from both speaker and listener (in space, time or psychologically), or something understood without naming it directly); (2) that person (used to refer to one's equals or inferiors); (3) (arch) over there; (4) (あれ only) (col) down there (i.e. one's genitals); (5) (あれ only) (col) period; menses; (int) (6) hey (expression of surprise or suspicion); eh?; (n) (7) that (something mentioned before which is distant psychologically or in terms of time); (P) |
| 御上;お上 | [おかみ, okami] (n) (1) (hon) Emperor; (2) (hon) authorities; government; (3) (also 女将) term used to refer to a woman running a restaurant, inn, etc.; landlady; (4) (hon) your wife; his wife; madam |
| 我が妻;我が夫 | [わがつま, wagatsuma] (n) my spouse (esp. used to refer to one's wife); my wife; my husband |
| 旅烏;旅鴉 | [たびがらす, tabigarasu] (n) (1) wanderer; stranger; vagrant; vagabond; (2) disparaging term used to refer to someone from another region |
| 暖かい(P);温かい(P);暖い(io) | [あたたかい(P);あったかい, atatakai (P); attakai] (adj-i) (暖かい, 暖い usu. refer to air temperature) warm; mild; genial; (P) |
| 権兵衛 | [ごんべえ, gonbee] (n) (1) (arch) (derog) country bumpkin; (2) John Doe; used to refer to someone whose name is unknown |
| 百日鬘 | [ひゃくにちかずら;ひゃくにちかつら, hyakunichikazura ; hyakunichikatsura] (n) long-haired wig used in kabuki (used metaphorically to refer to a thick growth) |
| 繰る | [くる, kuru] (v5r,vt) (1) to reel; to wind; to spin (thread); (2) to turn (pages); to flip through (a book); to leaf through (a book); to consult (a dictionary); to refer to (an encyclopedia); (3) to count (e.g. the days); (4) to open one-by-one; to close one-by-one (e.g. shutters); (P) |
| 聞き合せる | [ききあわせる, kikiawaseru] (v1,vt) to make inquiries; to refer to |
| 衛士 | [えじ;えいし, eji ; eishi] (n) (1) soldiers of the ritsuryo system that guarded gates of the imperial palace, the court, etc.; (2) term used in error to refer to young men that were made to do forced labour in the ritsuryo system; (3) guards originally stationed at the grand shrine at Ise and shrine at Atsuta, Nagoya to protect the officials there |