| 卜辞 | [bǔ cí, ㄅㄨˇ ㄘˊ, 卜辞 / 卜辭] oracle inscriptions of the Shang Dynasty (16th-11th century BC) on tortoiseshells or animal bones |
| 蒲甘王朝 | [Pú gān wáng cháo, ㄆㄨˊ ㄍㄢ ㄨㄤˊ ㄔㄠˊ, 蒲甘王朝] Bagan (Pagan) Dynasty of Myanmar (Burma), 1044-1287 |
| 伯颜 | [Bó yán, ㄅㄛˊ ㄧㄢˊ, 伯颜 / 伯顏] Bayan (name); Bayan of the Baarin (1236-1295), Mongol Yuan general under Khubilai Khan, victorious over the Southern Song 1235-1239; Bayan of the Merkid (-1340), Yuan dynasty general and politician |
| 清史列传 | [Qīng shǐ liè zhuàn, ㄑㄧㄥ ㄕˇ ㄌㄧㄝˋ ㄓㄨㄢˋ, 清史列传 / 清史列傳] Biographic history of Qing dynasty by a succession of authors, published 1928 and revised 1987, with biographies of 2,900 notable Qing commoner citizens, 80 scrolls |
| 康乾盛世 | [kāng qián shèng shì, ㄎㄤ ㄑㄧㄢˊ ㄕㄥˋ ㄕˋ, 康乾盛世] booming and golden age of Qing dynasty (from Kang Xi to Qian Long emperors) |
| 明 | [míng, ㄇㄧㄥˊ, 明] clear; bright; to understand; next; the Ming dynasty (1368-1644); surname Ming |
| 宋祁 | [Sòng Qí, ㄙㄨㄥˋ ㄑㄧˊ, 宋祁] Song Qi (998-1061), Song dynasty poet and writer, coauthor of History of the Later Tang Dynasty 新唐書|新唐书 |
| 周 | [zhōu, ㄓㄡ, 周] complete; encircle; circuit; lap; week; cycle; all; every; attentive; thoughtful; the Zhou dynasty from 1027 BC; surname Zhou |
| 大一统志 | [dà yī tǒng zhì, ㄉㄚˋ ㄧ ㄊㄨㄥˇ ㄓˋ, 大一统志 / 大一統誌] Dayuan Dayi Tongzhi, Yuan dynasty geographical encyclopedia, compiled 1285-1294 under Jamal al-Din 紮馬剌丁|扎马剌丁 and Yu Yinglong 虞應龍|虞应龙, 755 scrolls |
| 大元大一统志 | [Dà Yuán dà yī tǒng zhì, ㄉㄚˋ ㄩㄢˊ ㄉㄚˋ ㄧ ㄊㄨㄥˇ ㄓˋ, 大元大一统志 / 大元大一統誌] Dayuan Dayi Tongzhi, Yuan dynasty geographical encyclopedia, compiled 1285-1294 under Jamal al-Din 紮馬剌丁|扎马剌丁 and Yu Yinglong 虞應龍|虞应龙, 755 scrolls |
| 隋唐演义 | [Suí Táng yǎn yì, ㄙㄨㄟˊ ㄊㄤˊ ㄧㄢˇ ㄧˋ, 隋唐演义 / 隋唐演義] Dramatized History of Sui and Tang, novel by Qing dynasty author Chu Renhuo 褚人獲|褚人获 |
| 戊戌政变 | [wù xū zhèng biàn, ˋ ㄒㄩ ㄓㄥˋ ㄅㄧㄢˋ, 戊戌政变 / 戊戌政變] failed attempt to reform the Qing dynasty in 1898; also called 戊戌維新 |戊戌维新 |
| 仿宋 | [fǎng Sòng, ㄈㄤˇ ㄙㄨㄥˋ, 仿宋] imitation Song dynasty typeface; Fangsong font |
| 元末 | [Yuán mò, ㄩㄢˊ ㄇㄛˋ, 元末] final years of Yuan dynasty (1279-1368); mid 14th century |
| 文苑英华 | [Wén yuàn yīng huá, ㄨㄣˊ ㄩㄢˋ ㄏㄨㄚˊ, 文苑英华 / 文苑英華] Finest blossoms in the garden of literature, Song dynasty collection of poetry, odes, songs and writings compiled during 982-986 under Li Fan 李昉, Xu Xuan 徐鉉|徐铉, Song Bai 宋白 and Su Yijian 蘇易簡|苏易简, 1000 scrolls |
| 今古文 | [jīn gǔ wén, ㄐㄧㄣ ㄍㄨˇ ㄨㄣˊ, 今古文] former Han dynasty study or rewriting of classical texts such as the Confucian six classics 六經|六经 |
| 今文经 | [jīn wén jīng, ㄐㄧㄣ ㄨㄣˊ ㄐㄧㄥ, 今文经 / 今文經] former Han dynasty school of Confucian scholars |
| 今文经学 | [jīn wén jīng xué, ㄐㄧㄣ ㄨㄣˊ ㄐㄧㄥ ㄒㄩㄝˊ, 今文经学 / 今文經學] former Han dynasty school of Confucian scholars |
| 雅乐 | [yǎ yuè, ㄧㄚˇ ㄩㄝˋ, 雅乐 / 雅樂] formal ceremonial music of each succeeding Chinese dynasty starting with the Zhou; Korean a'ak; Japanese gagaku |
| 金 | [jīn, ㄐㄧㄣ, 金] gold Au, transition metal, atomic number 79; metal; money; the Jurchen Jin dynasty (1115-1234); surname Jin or Kim |
| 儿女英雄传 | [ér nǚ yīng xióng zhuàn, ㄦˊ ㄋㄩˇ ㄒㄩㄥˊ ㄓㄨㄢˋ, 儿女英雄传 / 兒女英雄傳] Heroic women, novel by Manchu born Qing dynasty writer 文康 |
| 孟姜女 | [Mèng jiāng nǚ, ㄇㄥˋ ㄐㄧㄤ ㄋㄩˇ, 孟姜女] heroine of Qin dynasty 秦朝 folk tale, who searched for her husband, and whose tears broke down a stretch of the Great Wall to reveal his body |
| 三国志 | [Sān guó zhì, ㄙㄢ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄓˋ, 三国志 / 三國志] History of the Three Kingdoms, fourth of the 24 dynastic histories 二十四史, composed by Chen Shou 陳寿|陈寿 in 289 during Jin Dynasty 晋朝, 65 scrolls |
| 令狐德棻 | [Líng hú Dé fēn, ㄌㄧㄥˊ ㄏㄨˊ ㄉㄜˊ ㄈㄣ, 令狐德棻] Linghu Defen (583-666), Tang dynasty historian, compiler of History of Zhou of the Northern dynasties 周書|周书 |
| 册府元龟 | [Cè fǔ yuán guī, ㄘㄜˋ ㄈㄨˇ ㄩㄢˊ ㄍㄨㄟ, 册府元龟 / 冊府元龜] Prime tortoise of the record bureau, Song dynasty historical encyclopedia of political essays, autobiography, memorials and decrees, compiled 1005-1013 under Wang Qinruo 王欽若|王钦若 and Yang Yi 楊億|杨亿, 1000 scrolls |
| 司马谈 | [Sī mǎ tán, ㄙ ㄇㄚˇ ㄊㄢˊ, 司马谈 / 司馬談] Sima Tan (-110 BC), Han dynasty scholar and historian, and father of Sima Qian 司馬遷|司马迁 |
| 吴任臣 | [Wú Rèn chén, ˊ ㄖㄣˋ ㄔㄣˊ, 吴任臣 / 吳任臣] Wu Renchen (1628-1689), Qing dynasty polymath and historian, author of History of Ten States of South China 十國春秋|十国春秋 |
| 湖广 | [Hú guǎng, ㄏㄨˊ ㄍㄨㄤˇ, 湖广 / 湖廣] Hubei and Hunan provinces (a Ming dynasty province) |
| 百家姓 | [bǎi jiā xìng, ㄅㄞˇ ㄐㄧㄚ ㄒㄧㄥˋ, 百家姓] hundred family surnames (Song dynasty reading primer) |
| 皇太极 | [Huáng tài jí, ㄏㄨㄤˊ ㄊㄞˋ ㄐㄧˊ, 皇太极 / 皇太極] Hung Taiji (1592-1643), eighth son of Nurhaci 努爾哈赤|努尔哈赤, reigned 1626-1636 as Second Khan of Later Jin dynasty 後金|后金, then founded the Qing dynasty 大清 and reigned 1636-1643 as Emperor; posthumous name 清太宗 |
| 皇太极清太宗 | [Huáng tài jí Qīng tài zōng, ㄏㄨㄤˊ ㄊㄞˋ ㄐㄧˊ ㄑㄧㄥ ㄊㄞˋ ㄗㄨㄥ, 皇太极清太宗 / 皇太極清太宗] Hung Taiji (1592-1643), eighth son of Nurhaci 努爾哈赤|努尔哈赤, reigned 1626-1636 as Second Khan of Later Jin dynasty 後金|后金, then founded the Qing dynasty 大清 and reigned 1636-1643 as Emperor |
| 太平御览 | [Tài píng yù lǎn, ㄊㄞˋ ㄆㄧㄥˊ ㄩˋ ㄌㄢˇ, 太平御览 / 太平御覽] Imperial Readings of the Taiping Era, general Song dynasty encyclopedia compiled during 977-983 under Li Fan 李昉, 1000 scrolls |
| 封神榜 | [fēng shén bǎng, ㄈㄥ ㄕㄣˊ ㄅㄤˇ, 封神榜] Investiture of the Gods, major Ming dynasty vernacular novel of mythology and fantasy, very loosely based on King Wu of Zhou's 周武王 overthrow of the Shang, subsequent material for opera, film, TV series, computer games etc |
| 封神演义 | [fēng shén yǎn yì, ㄈㄥ ㄕㄣˊ ㄧㄢˇ ㄧˋ, 封神演义 / 封神演義] Investiture of the Gods, major Ming dynasty vernacular novel of mythology and fantasy, very loosely based on King Wu of Zhou's 周武王 overthrow of the Shang, subsequent material for opera, film, TV series, computer games etc |
| 西游记 | [Xī yóu jì, ㄒㄧ ㄧㄡˊ ㄐㄧˋ, 西游记 / 西遊記] Journey to the West, Ming dynasty novel by Wu Cheng'en 吳承恩|吴承恩, one of the Four Classic Novels of Chinese literature; also called Pilgrimage to the West or Monkey |
| 人非生而知之者，熟能无惑 | [rén fēi shēng ér zhī zhī zhě, ㄖㄣˊ ㄈㄟ ㄕㄥ ㄦˊ ㄓ ㄓ ㄓㄜˇ, shu2 neng2 wu2 huo4, 人非生而知之者，熟能无惑 / 人非生而知之者，熟能無惑] Knowledge is not innate to man, how can we overcome doubt?; We are not born with knowledge, how does one achieve maturity? (i.e. without guidance from a teacher - Tang dynasty essayist Han Yu 韓愈|韩愈) |
| 周文王 | [Zhōu Wén Wáng, ㄓㄡ ㄨㄣˊ ㄨㄤˊ, 周文王] King Wen of Zhou state (c. 1152-1056 BC), reigned c. 1099–1056 BC as king of Zhou state, leading figure in building the subsequent Western Zhou dynasty, father of King Wu of Zhou 周武王 the first Zhou dynasty king |
| 周武王 | [Zhōu Wǔ wáng, ㄓㄡ ˇ ㄨㄤˊ, 周武王] King Wu of Zhou (-1043), personal name Ji Fa 姬發|姬发, reigned 1046-1043 BC as first king of Western Zhou dynasty 1046-1043 BC |
| 周武王姬发 | [Zhōu Wǔ wáng Jī Fā, ㄓㄡ ˇ ㄨㄤˊ ㄐㄧ ㄈㄚ, 周武王姬发 / 周武王姬發] King Wu of Zhou, personal name Ji Fa, reigned 1046-1043 BC as first king of Western Zhou dynasty 1046-1043 BC |
| 李氏朝鲜 | [Lǐ shì cháo xiǎn, ㄌㄧˇ ㄕˋ ㄔㄠˊ ㄒㄧㄢˇ, 李氏朝鲜 / 李氏朝鮮] Korean during the Yi or Lee Dynasty (1392-1910) |