| して | [, shite] (prt) (1) (See からして・1,として・1,にして・1,為る・1) by (indicating means of action); as (a group, etc.); (2) (as 〜をして in modern Japanese) indicates patient of a causative expression; (3) (after the ren'youkei form of an adjective) acts as a connective; (4) (after an adverb or a particle) adds emphasis; (conj) (5) (See そして) and then |
| しめる | [, shimeru] (v1,aux-v) (arch) (See 使む,成らしめる) to make (old causative verbal ending); to let |
| を | [, wo] (prt) (1) indicates direct object of action; (2) indicates subject of causative expression; (3) indicates an area traversed; (4) indicates time (period) over which action takes place; (5) indicates point of departure or separation of action; (6) (See が) indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.; (P) |
| 使む;令む | [しむ, shimu] (v5m,aux-v) (uk) (arch) (See しめる) to make happen (old causative verbal ending) |
| 使役 | [しえき, shieki] (n,vs) (1) employing; using; setting to work; enslavement; (n) (2) {ling} causative (verb, etc.) |
| 使役動詞 | [しえきどうし, shiekidoushi] (n) {ling} causative verb |
-causative- ในภาษาไทย
-causative- ในภาษาญี่ปุ่น
-causative- ในภาษาฝรั่งเศส