| ます | [, masu] (aux-v) (1) (pol) (See ませ) used to indicate respect for the listener (or reader); (2) (arch) (hum) used to indicate respect for those affected by the action |
| リスナ | [, risuna] (n) {comp} listener |
| 丁重語 | [ていちょうご, teichougo] (n) (See 謙譲語ＩＩ) courteous language (i.e. humble language in which an action or object is not directed toward the listener or a third party) |
| 尊大語 | [そんだいご, sondaigo] (n) (hon) speech used by the speaker to convey the social stature between the speaker and listener; language conveying that the speaker is of greater social status than the listener |
| 彼 | [かれ, kare] (n) (1) (uk) (See 何れ・1,此れ・1,其れ・1) that (indicating something distant from both speaker and listener (in space, time or psychologically), or something understood without naming it directly); (2) that person (used to refer to one's equals or inferiors); (3) (arch) over there; (4) (あれ only) (col) down there (i.e. one's genitals); (5) (あれ only) (col) period; menses; (int) (6) hey (expression of surprise or suspicion); eh?; (n) (7) that (something mentioned before which is distant psychologically or in terms of time); (P) |
| 待遇表現 | [たいぐうひょうげん, taiguuhyougen] (n) attitudinal expression (indicating the speaker's respect, contempt, etc. for the listener or the person being discussed) |
| 然う | [そう, sou] (adv) (1) (uk) (See ああ,斯う,如何・どう) in that way (concerning the actions of the listener or concerning the ideas expressed or understood by the listener; with a neg. sentence, implies that something isn't as much as one might think); thus; such; (int) (2) so (used to express agreement with something said); (3) so? (used to express some doubt with something said); (P) |
| 謙譲語Ｉ;謙譲語１ | [けんじょうごいち, kenjougoichi] (n) (See 謙譲語ＩＩ) humble language in which the listener (or a third party) is the indirect object of an action (or the recipient of a object, etc.) |