| 三纲五常 | [sān gāng wǔ cháng, ㄙㄢ ㄍㄤ ˇ ㄔㄤˊ, 三纲五常 / 三綱五常] three principles and five virtues (成语 saw); the three rules (ruler guides subject, father guides son and husband guides wife) and five constant virtues of Confucianism (benevolence 仁, righteousness 義|义, propriety 禮|礼, wisdom 智 and fidelity 信) |
| 五常 | [wǔ cháng, ˇ ㄔㄤˊ, 五常] five constant virtues of Confucianism, namely benevolence 仁, righteousness 義|义, propriety 禮|礼, wisdom 智 and fidelity 信; five cardinal relationships of Confucianism (between ruler and subject, father and son, husband and wife, brothers, friends); five phas |
| 诸子 | [zhū zǐ, ㄓㄨ ㄗˇ, 诸子 / 諸子] various sages; refers to the classical schools of thought, e.g. Confucianism 儒 represented by Confucius 孔子 and Mencius 孟子, Daoism 道 by Laozi 老子 and Zhuangzi 莊子|庄子, Mohism 墨 by Mozi 墨子, Legalism 法 by Sunzi 孫子|孙子 and Han Feizi 韓非子|韩非子, and numerous others |
| 诸子十家 | [zhū zǐ shí jiā, ㄓㄨ ㄗˇ ㄕˊ ㄐㄧㄚ, 诸子十家 / 諸子十家] various sages and ten schools of thought; refers to the classical schools of thought, e.g. Confucianism 儒 represented by Confucius 孔子 and Mencius 孟子, Daoism 道 by Laozi 老子 and Zhuangzi 莊子|庄子, Mohism 墨 by Mozi 墨子, Legalism 法 by Sunzi 孫子|孙子 and Han Feizi 韓非子 |